JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact, URL-safe standard (RFC 7519) for representing claims between two parties. A JWT has three Base64URL-encoded parts separated by dots: header, payload, and signature. The header describes the signing algorithm; the payload holds claims such as user ID, roles, and expiration; the signature verifies the token was not tampered with.
JWTs are widely used for stateless authentication in REST APIs, single sign-on (SSO), and microservices. Unlike session cookies stored server-side, JWTs let servers verify identity without a database lookup on every request — though refresh tokens and revocation strategies still matter for production security.